Screens and the development of young children: what impact on their brains?

The use of screens has intensified, with significant consequences for the cerebral development of young children. This article analyzes the repercussions of this overexposure on their cognitive, physical, social and emotional growth. At the same time, it suggests strategies for managing this use.

The effects of screens on the cognitive development and health of young children

Cognitive effects and impacts on the brain

• The effects of screens on the developing brain

Digital devices affect brain development. Overexposure impairs concentration and learning. It also disrupts sleep patterns, necessary for memory consolidation and learning.. Children exposed to these devices for too long experience delays in the acquisition of cognitive skills.

A study by Guellai et al (2022) points out that the effects of screen viewing depend mainly on the viewing context rather than the quantity REF[^1^]. Research also indicates that this overconsumption at a young age can alter the development of brain areas involved in emotional regulation and decision-making.

• Consequences of excessive screen use on cognitive development

Too much screen time can impair cognitive development. It reduces children's attention span and memory. It is also likely to restrict the development of communication and problem-solving skills. Research shows a correlation between screen time and delays in the development of language and social skills.

Overexposure to screens can have physical consequences 

• The impact of screens on toddlers' physical health and development

Excessive interaction with connected devices reduces the time devoted to physical activity, essential for motor development. Young people who spend long periods in front of a screen are more likely to suffer from physical disorders such as obesity. Children need to exercise for healthy physical development. Wong (2021) highlights the long-term developmental risks of prolonged screen use REF [^2^].

• Importance of physical activity and connection with the outside environment

Physical activity and interaction with the environment stimulate motor and cognitive development. Encouraging children to play outdoors is recommended for balanced, healthy growth. Connecting with nature and exercising outdoors contributes to better physical health. They also contribute to children's emotional well-being and stress reduction.

Social and emotional effects

• Comparison of real and virtual interactions

Face-to-face interactions in the real world foster the development of social and emotional skills. Exposure to screens can limit these vital interactions. This can affect children's social development.

• Consequences of social isolation due to overexposure to screens

The disorders that can result from social isolation and lack of real interaction include emotional and social difficulties in children. Face-to-face communication is essential for emotional and social development.

Managing the use of screens for children's healthy development

Recommendations and limits for the proper use of screens

It's vital to follow the guidelines on recommended screen time by age group. Remember, before the age of 3, there's zero exposure. Limiting access to the tablet and other digital tools, and encouraging other activities, can only be beneficial.

The role of parents and educators in limiting children's exposure to screens

Adults need to closely monitor the use of digital devices and promote critical consumption of content. Tools to monitor exposure time are also available on the market. Media education is essential to develop a critical understanding of digital content.

The importance of proper supervision

Proper supervision of digital media consumption is essential for the harmonious development of children. It strikes a balance between the educational and recreational benefits of these tools and the risks of overexposure. This supervision helps preserve their mental and physical health. It also contributes to their cognitive, social and emotional growth.

Healthy alternatives to screens for toddlers

• Activities promoting cognitive, physical and social development without screens

Screen-free activities stimulate cognitive, physical and social development. Free play and real interaction are fundamental to balanced growth. It's important to encourage children to explore, create and interact with their environment.

• Importance of real interaction and free play

Free play and direct interaction with the environment and other people are crucial to children's well-being. These activities encourage imagination and creativity, and develop social skills.

Real versus virtual interactions

Real interactions, as opposed to virtual ones, play a key role in children's cognitive development. They stimulate problem-solving, creativity and empathy through concrete experiences and direct exchanges. In comparison, virtual interactions, while beneficial under certain conditions, can lack the sensory and emotional richness offered by real-world experiences.

Clever integration of displays

Choosing the right content 

It's advisable to opt for educational, age-appropriate content. They contribute positively to the development of toddlers. There are recommended resources that combine education and entertainment.

Balance screen time with other activities

A balanced use of digital media includes periods of education, leisure and rest. This balance is fundamental to the development of well-rounded children. 

In conclusion,

A balanced and conscious approach to screen use is vital for the harmonious development of young children. Parents and educators play a key role in managing this use.

Disclaimer

This article is based on current research and is intended to provide information. It does not replace the advice of health professionals.

References