Nowadays, with the proliferation of screens, it's virtually impossible to stop children watching TV, smartphones, tablets and so on. This overexposure has multiple consequences. This raises many questions, particularly in terms of the impact on their sensory-motor development.
Understanding sensory-motor development in young children
Sensory-motor development refers to the process by which children learn to use their senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell) and motor skills to explore and understand the world around them. This process is crucial in the first few years of life, and generally takes place in several stages, from birth to the age of two. However, this process continues throughout childhood.
Key stages in sensorimotor development
Children's sensory-motor development follows a natural progression, from sensory discovery to mastery of complex movements. This period is fundamental to both cognitive and physical development.
The importance of physical and social interaction
Interaction with the environment and others plays a vital role in sensory-motor development. They encourage exploration, curiosity and learning through play.
What are the effects of screens on the sensory-motor development of young children?
Screens and their influence on children's attention span
Screens affect children's attention spans. These technologies reduce the amount of time they spend interacting with the real world, which is essential to the development of their motor skills. This reduction in interaction can limit opportunities for experiential learning, essential for balanced growth. A study by Sandra V García and Tatiana Dias de Carvalho (2022) REF [^1^] points out that the use of screens by toddlers and preschoolers can be to the detriment of activities that promote sensory-motor and social development.
How are social exchanges affected by exposure to screens?
Excessive exposure to digital media limits opportunities for direct social exchanges, which are necessary for the development of language and social skills. This can lead to a decline in empathy and conflict resolution skills in younger children. Research by Dr. Aleem Ali and Ayesha Inam (2023) REF [^2^] shows a link between length of exposure to screens and difficulties with language, behavior and social competence in children.
The educational impact of screens on sensory-motor development
While some educational content is beneficial, there's no substitute for active learning and physical interaction. Physical engagement in learning activities stimulates memory and information retention more effectively. Time spent on exploratory activities is also reduced. The role of parents in the use of these tools is crucial in mitigating the negative effects on neuro-linguistic development, as demonstrated by Guilherme Requião Radel Neto et al. REF [^3^].
Alternative activities for sensory-motor development
Screen-free play and educational activities, such as construction games, art activities and nature outings, stimulate the 5 senses and motor skills. These leisure activities also encourage the development of creativity and imagination.
How can we meet the challenges posed by young children's use of screens?
Factors to take into account when exposed to screens
It's vital to limit the amount of time spent in front of screens. It's also important to choose content adapted to the child's age and development. Establishing moments without these devices, particularly at mealtimes and before bedtime, encourages richer family interactions. According to a survey carried out by Toluna-Harris Interactive for the Association e-Enfance/3018, the average age at which children start using the internet is 5 years and 10 months, and they browse the web alone from 6 years and 10 months.
The consequences of excessive exposure to screens for young children
Overexposure can lead to reduced social interaction. It is therefore necessary to strike a balance between screen time and physical and social activities. Studies such as D. Hermawati et al (2018) REF [^4^], associate early and excessive exposure to screens with autistic symptoms, language delays and attention disorders.
What is the relationship between screens and children's psychomotor development?
Connected tools can disrupt psychomotor development. They limit the diverse sensory and motor experiences essential to harmonious growth. A variety of stimuli is essential to stimulate all aspects of a child's growth.
What do clinical observations tell us about screen use in young children?
Behaviors observed in children exposed to digital media
Clinical observations reveal a correlation between early and intensive exposure to digital devices and various developmental problems, such as behavioral disorders. These findings underline the importance of monitoring and moderating the use of these technologies from an early age.
Intensive screen use disrupts learning
Intensive use of digital devices sometimes disrupts natural learning processes. It deprives children of concrete, interactive experiences. Learning through direct experience is irreplaceable for the cognitive development and well-being of children.
In conclusion
Exposure to screens in young children requires special attention from parents, educators and healthcare professionals. It is vital to promote responsible practices and encourage enriching off-screen activities to support children's optimal sensory-motor development.
Disclaimer
This article aims to inform and raise awareness of the effects of screen exposure on young children. It is based on current scientific studies, but does not replace the advice of a health professional.
References
REF [^1^]. García, S. V., & Dias de Carvalho, T. (2022). Screen use among toddlers and preschool children. Link
REF [^2^]. Ali, A., & Inam, A. (2023). Screen Exposure and Child Development: A Contextual Analysis of Pandemic. Link
REF [^3^]. Radel Neto, G. R., Nasser de Mello, N. F., da Silva, G. P., Rolim, T. A., & de Souza Pimenta, M. (n.d.). The impact of caregiver interaction with preschool children exposed inappropriately to screens on neurolinguistic development: a literature review. Link
REF [^4^]. Hermawati, D., Rahmadi, F. A., Sumekar, T. A., & Winarni, T. (2018). Early electronic screen exposure and autistic-like symptoms. Link
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